Inhibitory effects of piperine and black pepper essential oil on multispecies biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of black pepper essential oil (BPEO) piperine effect on gene expression in a multispecies biofilm composed Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa polypropylene surface. The minimal inhibitory concentrations BPEO were 100 25 mg/mL, respectively, against this consortium microorganisms. Sessile cell counts 5.35–7.35 log CFU/cm2 varied over time. total population eradicated ranged from 78.9% (5.88 CFU/cm2) 99.8% (4.16 CFU/cm2). Evaluation biofilm-related showed upregulation L. monocytogenes genes agrC (24 72 h), agrD (72 prfA h) downregulation all evaluated S. Typhimurium P. untreated control biofilm. addition resulted agrB h); agfA adrA csgD h). Piperine more effectively controlled